The Influence of Irradiance on Rate of Development and Components of Yield In Barley

A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of variation in levels of daily irradiance on the level of spike-let abortion and the rate of development using two cultivars of spring barky ( Hordeum vulgare L.), Schooner and Weeah. Three different irradiance treatments were imposed from the cessation of spikelet primordia initiation until anthesis: a reduced irradiance treatment (high competition treatment, HCT); an untreated control for medium competition treatment; MCT); and an increased amount of irradiance (low competition treatment. LCT). Variation, in natural daily irradiance (MCT) was imposed by either shading plants with shadecloth (HCT) or by exposing plants to relatively low inter-row irradiance competition effects by obstructing adjoining plant rows with plastic mesh (LCT). The duration of the spikelet growth phase was longer by 5 days (Schooner) and 9 days (Weeah) for HCT when compared to MCT, but there was no difference in its duration between LCT and MCT. Spikelet abortion occurred at 8–16 days before anthesis, but this was dependent on treatment. LCT For both cultivars showed a trend towards higher spikelet numbers per spike, although the increase was not significant over MCT, and HCT was significantly lower in both cultivars. Grain yield and biomass were lower (P < 0.05) for HCT compared to both LCT and MCT.     

克服甘薯组(Section batatas)种间杂交不亲和性研究再报

甘薯组Ａ系列野生种Ｉ．ｔｒｉｌｏｂａ和Ｂ系列栽培种徐薯１８杂交授粉后１１～２０天的胚珠培养获得了试管苗和杂种植株，观察比较了杂种和两亲的形态特征，进行了细胞学鉴定。同时一植株的不同细胞中，染色体数均多于３０，但有变异，变动在３８～５６范围内，杂种植株的花器中，雌雄蕊结构发生变异，全部花朵没有出现雄蕊，雌蕊却有１～５套。用Ｂ系列２个野生种和栽培种的６个品种的花粉与杂种植株回交授粉，均不结实，这些异常     

银耳菌分离方法的研究

用单孢分离、基本分离和组织分离获得银耳菌，银耳菌的纯培养与伴生菌长在一起成为银耳母种。在三种方法中，以单孢分离获得的银耳原基、基内菌丝与伴生菌配制的母种质量好，成功率亦高。基内分离纯培养的方法不如单孢分离的方法好，基内分离银耳菌丝和伴生菌的混合物，得到的母种质量不稳定。组织分离的方法不能采用。     

豌豆花发育的分子生物学研究进展

豌豆是遗传学研究的经典材料,也是一种重要的农产品。研究豌豆花发育对于豆科植物特别是大豆产量的提高具有指导意义。近年来有关豌豆花发育基因调控的研究已取得了很大进展,本文通过比较拟南芥和豌豆花发育机制的异同,从豌豆花分生组织属性的决定和花器官属性的决定两方面综述了近些年国内外关于豌豆花发育分子机理的研究进展。     

蓖麻花序特征及花芽分化的初步研究

本文对蓖麻花序特征、顶芽分化及内源IAA和ABA含量变化进行初步研究,结果表明：不同品种（系）间雌花率及雌花密度均存在极显著差异。蓖麻雌花并非完全单性花,各品种（系）雌花均存在退化雄蕊痕迹,但其发生率不同,单雌后代品系明显高于品种材料。单雌花序与两性花序的雌花中均存在退化雄蕊,且无显著差异,但花序中下部与上部之间差异显著。顶芽石蜡切片观察表明：蓖麻在5叶期以前,其顶芽基本处于叶芽生长阶段;在6-9叶期,顶芽逐渐进入花芽分化、生长阶段,而此阶段,顶芽内源IAA、ABA含量变化也十分明显。不同性别花序和花的内源激素含量测定结果显示：IAA含量,单雌花序＞雌花＞两性花序＞雄花;ABA含量,雄花显著高于雌花,但两性花序却明显低于单雌花序;IAA/ABA值,雌花＞单雌花序＞两性花序＞雄花;说明IAA含量和IAA/ABA相对含量可能在花性分化中具有较为重要的作用。     

高温对设施甜樱桃花器官发育的影响

 【目的】探讨花芽萌动期短时间高温处理对设施甜樱桃花器官发育的影响。【方法】以人工气候室中培养的4年生盆栽‘红灯’甜樱桃为试材,于花芽萌动期雄蕊发育的不同阶段进行短时间高温处理后,观察对花器官发育、花器官外观表现和花期的影响。【结果】设施甜樱桃花芽萌动期不同阶段的4 h 35℃高温处理对雌、雄生殖器官发育和花期花器官表现都有显著影响。较早高温处理对雄蕊发育的抑制程度强于雌蕊,花期雄蕊变褐率极显著增加,甚至会导致雄蕊完全败育,花期明显变短;越临近花期的高温处理,花期雌蕊枯萎率和花冠卷曲率明显高于其它处理,并且对始花期促进作用越明显;不同阶段短时间高温处理后都未发现大孢子产生和分化异常。【结论】甜樱桃花芽萌动期的雌、雄生殖器官发育过程中对短时间高温胁迫的敏感时期和敏感性不同。     

不同生境中喜旱莲子草雄蕊雌化的发生及其在花序内的分布模式

研究入侵植物喜旱莲子草雄蕊雌化现象与生境的关系及其进入入侵地后的繁殖策略,以期补充该入侵植物的入侵理论,为该入侵植物的综合防治提供重要的理论依据.以喜旱莲子草为研究材料,探究不同生境及不同花序位置上雄蕊雌化现象的发生.以雄蕊水平上的雄蕊雌化程度和花水平上的雄蕊雌化频率,作为衡量喜旱莲子草雄蕊雌化现象发生的参数.结果 表...     

早美丽李雌雄蕊败育过程的解剖学观察

为探明近年来早美丽李芽萌发阶段发生的花芽严重败育脱落的原因,采用石蜡切片方法,以皇家宝石为对照,观察花器后继发育过程中雌雄蕊的败育情况。结果表明,早美丽李的雌雄蕊结构分化前期能够正常完成。但在进一步的性细胞生长和分化过程中,早美丽李雌雄蕊的继续发育受阻,并在开花前24d雄蕊的花药囊壁外层细胞先发生异常,最终出现多方面的畸形——成为整个花芽退化的形式。对照皇家宝石李在花前20d,雄蕊进入小孢子母细胞主要时期,雌蕊进入胚珠突起主要时期;花前10d进入幼嫩花粉粒出现主要时期,花前7d分化出完整的胚珠。根据其雌雄蕊败育发生时期和败育特征情况,结合2005—2006年和2006-2007年2个冬季较其他年份出现的明显的暖冬天气情况,作者认为导致早美丽李花器严重败育与这2a冬季低温量不足有关。     

Estimated bud development period in Picea abies

The bud development period was estimated using shoot growth data from a Phytotron study in which six full‐sib families of Picea abies L. (Karst.) (Norway spruce) were grown for six growth periods. Simple algebraic relationships based on assumptions of the relationship between shoot growth and bud development were used. The estimated bud development period, defined as the period when the budscale and needle primordia were initiated, decreased as growth periods advanced. Furthermore, the relationship between the period of production of free growth needles and bud scales to that of predetermined needle primordia was surprisingly constant irrespective of the change in free growth. These results indicate that free growth during one year did not encroach on the period of predetermined growth, but instead increased the amount of predetermined growth.     

桔梗的有性杂交技术初探

以1a生桔梗为试材,对桔梗雌蕊柱头与雄蕊花药成熟时间以及桔梗开花散粉时间进行研究,以期为桔梗有性杂交提供科学依据.结果表明:桔梗有性杂交时母本去雄的最适宜时期为花蕾长2.0 cm,花冠初裂、紫色.父本授粉时选择花长3～5 cm,宽2.0～3.5 cm,花冠蓝紫色且花冠露出花萼,但未完全露出时最佳.